Type 2 Diabetes Pregnancy Symptoms
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Type 2 Diabetes Pregnancy Symptoms
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Symptoms Of Diabetes In Men And Women ( Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms)
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Emilyn U. Alejandro 1, * , Therriz P. Mamerto 2, 3 , Grace Chung 1 , Adrian Villavieja 2, 3 , Nawirah Lumna Gaus 3 , Elizabeth Morgan 4 and Maria Ruth B. Pineda-Cortel 2, 3, 5, *
Received: 3 June 2020 / Revised: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 / Published: 15 July 2020
Understanding Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes
A transient form of diabetes (GDM) caused by insulin resistance and dysfunction of pancreatic vitreous cells during pregnancy has been identified as one of the major barriers to achieving a healthy mother and newborn. About 9-25% of pregnant women worldwide have severe, severe cases of this disease. It is affected by long-term and hereditary health complications. Here, We discuss how GDM affects mothers and infants long-term, and the health risks that persist into future generations. In addition to the current challenges in diagnosis and management of complications associated with GDM; We discuss the urgent need to increase our scientific toolbox to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of GDM and to identify strategies to treat and treat GDM. As a result, medical treatment improved.
Gestational diabetes and diabetes; polycystic ovary syndrome; obesity; fetal planning; type 2 diabetes; hyperglycemia; glycemic control; insulin; pregnancy complications; Animal models of diabetes; Diameter
Improving maternal health and reducing child mortality are two of the United Nations’ eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). They represent a unique and daunting challenge for healthcare providers worldwide [1, 2]. The MDGs, supported by organizations such as the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), aim to reduce exposure to maternal and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and pregnancy and improve the future health of women and their children. in particular, FIGO recommends malnutrition during pregnancy to reduce the development of diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). obesity Targeting high blood pressure and malnutrition. The goals of early intervention are important not only to improve future maternal health but also to reduce disease prevalence in subsequent generations.
Pregnancy is often described as a “window” to future health because the physiological changes that occur during this time act as a natural “stress test” for the body. Most women seek health care during their pregnancy, which is an optimal time for preventive health care. In recent years, It is increasingly recognized that the in utero environment (eg, maternal nutritional status) influences the health of the offspring throughout its life. The emerging field of In utero Environment and Early Childhood Developmental Origins (DOHAD) has demonstrated the permanent conditioning, or programming, effects on the body’s metabolism and health later in life.
Screening For Abnormal Blood Glucose And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Recommendation Statement
Physiological changes that may occur during pregnancy include the development of glucose intolerance leading to hyperglycemia. This is called gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The pathophysiology of GDM is not fully understood, but has been linked to hormonal imbalances affecting insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function. One in six pregnancies in the world is associated with hyperglycemia, and 84% are classified as GDM [2]. GDM is an important factor in the development of T2D in mothers and their children. Thus, achieving glycemic control during pregnancy is a window of opportunity to prevent and reduce the burden of T2D across multiple generations.
The aim of this review is to detail the long-term effects of enteral nutrition on maternal and infant outcomes and the health risks that persist into future generations. We check; We aim to summarize the current knowledge and data on GDM, with a specific emphasis on diagnostic and intraoperative complications and preclinical patterns of the disease. Understanding risk factors and improving diagnosis will allow early identification and intervention with the aim of preventing future complications.
GDM [7] , defined as glucose intolerance during pregnancy or at first recognition, affects approximately 9–25% of pregnancies worldwide, with irregular rhythms according to study population and diagnostic criteria. GDM is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance due to maternal pancreatic B cell dysfunction due to insufficient insulin to regulate glucose homeostasis during pregnancy.
Insulin, an anabolic hormone released by beta-cells in the pancreas, stimulates glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. It modulates glucose homeostasis by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and inhibiting the release of stored lipids from adipose tissue. Insulin resistance is a condition in which normal concentrations of insulin fail to elicit an appropriate biological response downstream of the insulin receptor. As a result, To regulate the mother’s blood glucose levels, the beta-cells must release more insulin than usual. In a healthy pregnancy, A state of progressive insulin resistance occurs in the mother, triggered by placental hormones, to ensure that the fetus receives adequate nutrients for healthy growth and development. In order to maintain glucose despite insulin resistance, maternal beta cells increase the total number of cells; This is compensated by insulin synthesis and insulin secretion [11]. However, When maternal beta cells cannot adapt to the metabolic changes that accompany pregnancy; The hyperglycemia of GDM develops.
Pregnancy Chart: What To Expect Each Trimester
During pregnancy, Maternal hypoglycemia is a physiological response that provides fuel and nutrients to the developing placenta and fetus. It is not uncommon to observe weight gain during pregnancy, marked by accumulation of adipocytes and excess fat in maternal adipose tissue. Although pregnant women are expected to gain about 30% of their pregnancy weight in body fat, Overweight and obesity are the most associated factors for GDM [15]. Pre-pregnancy BMI is the only important risk factor for GDM [16]. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines overweight and obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation based on a BMI > 25 kg/m.
Respectively. Due to the current epidemic of obesity and the increasing rate of obesity among pregnant women, it is estimated that there are 38.9 million overweight people and 14.6 million obese pregnant women in the world. Increased lipid production in overweight and obese individuals leads to lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and other organs such as the liver. Hepatic insulin resistance increases in obesity and is exacerbated by pregnancy, thus increasing the risk of developing GDM. In addition, Prenatal overweight or obesity is associated with metabolic disorders such as hypertension [19]; preterm birth [20] and stillbirth [21; 22] and others [23] may increase the risk of adverse effects. For these reasons, obstetricians routinely assess BMI and gestational weight gain [24] to prevent complications for the expectant mother and baby. Current preventive strategies to manage body weight during pregnancy include nutritional therapy and improving dietary and lifestyle habits.
Obesity dyslipidemia; The term metabolic syndrome was first used by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Group III to describe the clustering of metabolic disorders such as hypertension and abnormal glucose metabolism in normal conditions. sweet and sour When accompanied by a Western-style diet rich in fat and processed foods, metabolic syndrome is known to increase the incidence of GDM [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In addition, Vitamin D deficiency and high dietary acid levels may also contribute to the risk of GDM [33].
In particular, The first line of prevention or treatment for metabolic syndrome is nutritional diet therapy, which has been shown to be beneficial for maintaining glucose control and physiological health. high in fiber glycemic-index နိမ့်သောအစားအစာများကဲ့သို့သော အာဟာရကုထုံးများသည် အင်ဆူလင်ကို တိုးတက်စေကြောင်း ပြသထားသည်။
Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, And Treatments
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